Definitions

Whilst it’s acknowledged that there are many forms of vulnerability, the term ‘vulnerable’ used by the local HOTH Group(s) refers to young people who are ‘vulnerable to child sexual exploitation, child criminal exploitation, modern slavery, and/or being trafficked.’

Child sexual exploitation (CSE)

The latest advice from Government (February 2017), defines child sexual exploitation as:

A form of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate, or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity:
a) in exchange for something the victim needs or wants
and/or
b) for the financial advantage or increased status of the perpetrator or facilitator.

The victim may have been sexually exploited even if the sexual activity appears consensual. Child sexual exploitation does not always involve physical contact; it can also occur through the use of technology.

More information is available in CSE – definition and guide for practitioners.

Child criminal exploitation (CCE)

While there is still no legal definition of child criminal exploitation, CCE as used by the local HOTH Group(s), refers to:

The act of using a minor child for labour, profit, or financial advantage. It may involve gangs and/or organised criminal networks used to store, move, export, or deal illegal drugs and/or money, and they will often use coercion, intimidation, violence and weapons.

Children and young people who are reported to the police as missing from home (MFH), or missing from care (MFC).

Repeatedly being MFH or MFC can be an indicator of a young person’s vulnerability to CSE/being trafficked.

Trafficking relates to the movement of young people for the purposes of modern slavery, sexual, or criminal exploitation which is classed as a form of ‘human trafficking’ under the Modern Slavery Act 2015.

Although human trafficking is international, trafficking for CSE is often within the UK.

Modern slavery is the term used in the UK, and is defined within the Modern Slavery Act 2015. The Act categorises offences of slavery, servitude, and forced or compulsory labour and human trafficking. These crimes include holding a person in a position of slavery, servitude forced or compulsory labour, or facilitating their travel with the intention of exploiting them soon after.

The local HOTH is an operational group which supports frontline practitioners in their role of supporting a child or young person.  The group is based on partnership problem solving model incorporating the signs of safety and ensures positive outcomes for children and young people.

County lines used to describe gangs and organised criminal networks involved in exporting illegal drugs into one or more importing areas within the UK, using dedicated mobile phone lines or other form of ‘deal line’. They are likely to exploit children and vulnerable adults to move and store the drugs and money and they will often use coercion, intimidation, violence (including sexual violence), and weapons.

Gangs use children and vulnerable people to move drugs and money to these areas. Once caught up in county lines, exploited individuals are at risk of extreme physical and/or sexual violence, gang recriminations and trafficking.

The definition of county lines is taken from Home Office’s ‘County lines partner pack‘.​​

Harm outside of the home (HOTH)

The definition of harm outside of the home is:

  • child sexual abuse and exploitation (CSA&E)
  • child criminal exploitation (CCE)
  • online exploitation
  • trafficking and modern slavery

In addition, risks associated with:

  • missing from home, care, or education
  • radicalisation and extremism
  • serious youth violence

What should practitioners do?

Understand

Any child in Middlesbrough or Redcar & Cleveland, regardless of their community, gender, or ethnicity, can suffer CSE, CCE, or county lines.

Partnership information sharing

Cleveland Police’s ‘partnership information sharing report’ form can be used by professionals working under the safeguarding agenda to inform the police of any information regarding child sexual exploitation, child criminal exploitation, and county lines involvement.

Professionals can include:

  • names (including nicknames) of suspected perpetrators
  • locations where exploitation may be taking place
  • car or vehicle details
  • locations (including online)
  • description of individuals seen in suspicious circumstances

Download the partnership information sharing report form.

The information will then be recorded on the police intelligence system as strictly confidential. It will be used to better understand the problem of CSE in Middlesbrough and Redcar & Cleveland, and to enable a coordinated response through HOTH.

Worried about a child?

Find out what to do if you’re worried about a child in Middlesbrough or Redcar & Cleveland and want to make a safeguarding referral.

Campaigns

Look Closer

Young people are being exploited and are losing hope, but it’s not always obvious. The Children’s Society’s #LookCloser campaign encourages everyone to learn the signs of child exploitation and how to report it if worried.

County lines

A4 county lines awareness poster from the Home Office

Useful contacts

Emergency Duty Team: 01642 524 552
Barnardo’s: 01642 300774
Childline: 0800 11 11
Police (emergency): 999
Crimestoppers: 0800 555 111
Police (non-emergency): 101
Stop It Now: 0808 100 900

Useful websites

Barnardo’s works to transform the lives of the UK’s most vulnerable children.

CEOP (formerly the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre) works to protect children from harm online and offline.

NSPCC works to prevent child abuse and neglect.

Home Office County Lines Partner Pack ​gives guidance for frontline professionals on dealing with county lines.

Home Office child exploitation disruption toolkit gives disruption tactics for those working to safeguard children and young people under the age of 18 from sexual and criminal exploitation.

Be Space Aware is a campaign to stop and prevent adolescent criminal exploitation (SPACE).

Parent Zone provide support and information to parents, children, and schools to help families to navigate the internet safely and confidently.

Contact

If you need advice or information, or have any suggestions about how we can improve these pages, please contact:

Email: stscp@middlesbrough.gov.uk